PCOT can uniquely serve in a variety of battery types, as it is completely flexible (thin wearable batteries) and can be fluid in terms of usage (flow batteries). Further, in a recent publication (Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 8442−8447) from Argonne National Laboratory the authors (Ingram, et al.) emphasis the importance of finding a cathode material that can intercalate the multivalent Ca or Mg ions at high voltage and high capacity is of importance. This is simply due to the dendrite problem with Li, which results in the absence of a commercial lithium metal anode. PCOT readily sequesters two electrons from either one of these metals to form a quadruple ion complex (ion pair) where the dication is nestled into the COT “cavity” of the PCOT dianion as depicted in the space filling DFT calculated structure below.

        

Since PCOT can be formulated as a paste or even a solution, it can serve as an ideal cathode in either a flow battery system or a thin 'wearable' battery system. Note how the Ca dication folds nicely into the PCOT dianion to form the quadruple ion.

                                   

OR JUST A STANDARD BATTERY BUT ALL ORGANIC.